Estigma público en niños hacia personas con enfermedad mental / Public Stigma in Children Towards People With Mental Illness

Se analizó cómo la familiaridad que los adultos tenían con la enfermedad mental y la valoración más o menos positiva de sus experiencias al respecto influían en el estigma de los menores a su cargo. El estigma fue medido en términos de negación de ayuda por parte de los niños hacia un igual con enfermedad mental. La muestra fue de 56 niños de sexto de primaria y un tutor legal de cada uno. Se empleó el Attribution Questionnaire–8 for Children, la escala Level Of Familiarity y una escala de Likert para la valoración. Se halló una correlación positiva y estadísticamente significativa entre la familiaridad de los adultos y el estigma de los menores. A mayor familiaridad, menor estigma. Se debatió si las actitudes estigmatizantes medidas lo serían realmente o no en la infancia, siendo recomendable seguir profundizando al respecto y validar el Attribution Questionnaire–8 for Children en España. (AU)

We analyzed how the familiarity that adults had with mental illness and the more or less positive appraisal of their experiences in this regard influenced the stigma of their children. Stigma was measured in terms of children’s absence of pity or compassion, denial of help, and discrimination or segregation toward a peer with mental illness. The sample consisted of 56 sixth grade children and a responsible adult for each of them. The Attribution Questionnaire-8 for Children, the Level Of Familiarity Scale and a Likert scale were used for assessment. A positive and statistically significant correlation was found between adult familiarity and child denial of help. The higher the familiarity, the lower the stigma. It was recommended that further research be carried out, that the Attribution Questionnaire-8 for Childrenbe validated in Spain and to carry out interventions to prevent stigma in schools. (AU)

Estigma público en niños hacia personas con enfermedad mental / Public Stigma in Children Towards People With Mental Illness

Se analizó cómo la familiaridad que los adultos tenían con la enfermedad mental y la valoración más o menos positiva de sus experiencias al respecto influían en el estigma de los menores a su cargo. El estigma fue medido en términos de negación de ayuda por parte de los niños hacia un igual con enfermedad mental. La muestra fue de 56 niños de sexto de primaria y un tutor legal de cada uno. Se empleó el Attribution Questionnaire–8 for Children, la escala Level Of Familiarity y una escala de Likert para la valoración. Se halló una correlación positiva y estadísticamente significativa entre la familiaridad de los adultos y el estigma de los menores. A mayor familiaridad, menor estigma. Se debatió si las actitudes estigmatizantes medidas lo serían realmente o no en la infancia, siendo recomendable seguir profundizando al respecto y validar el Attribution Questionnaire–8 for Children en España. (AU)

We analyzed how the familiarity that adults had with mental illness and the more or less positive appraisal of their experiences in this regard influenced the stigma of their children. Stigma was measured in terms of children’s absence of pity or compassion, denial of help, and discrimination or segregation toward a peer with mental illness. The sample consisted of 56 sixth grade children and a responsible adult for each of them. The Attribution Questionnaire-8 for Children, the Level Of Familiarity Scale and a Likert scale were used for assessment. A positive and statistically significant correlation was found between adult familiarity and child denial of help. The higher the familiarity, the lower the stigma. It was recommended that further research be carried out, that the Attribution Questionnaire-8 for Childrenbe validated in Spain and to carry out interventions to prevent stigma in schools. (AU)

A Measurement Scale to Assess Children's Satisfaction with Hospitalization in the Andalusian Population.

Background: Patient satisfaction is a principal indicator in the evaluation of the stay of pediatric patients in hospitals, since its consequences can emotionally interfere with health treatment. The aim of this study was to obtain a valid scale to assess children's satisfaction with their time spent as a patient in an Andalusian hospital. Method: The Children's Satisfaction with Hospitalization Questionnaire (CSHQ) was applied to 623 pediatric patients hospitalized in Andalusia. An exploratory factor analysis (EFA) showed one dimension underlying the children's satisfaction with their hospitalization. After that, we developed a depuration analysis process to achieve a valid and unidimensional scale to assess children's satisfaction. Results: The eleven-item one-dimension solution showed suitable consistency and goodness-of-fit indices. The final scale addresses hosting aspects as the main dimension of a minor's satisfaction in Andalusian hospitals. Conclusion: A unidimensional scale has been determined for the assessment of children's satisfaction with their stay in Andalusian hospitals based on hosting aspects. Nonetheless, other dimensions underlying the satisfaction of patients should also be considered.

Spanish Version of the Family Health Behavior Scale: Adaptation and Validation.

Different studies around the world indicate that the percentages of overweight and obesity in childhood and adolescence are high. In this context, it would be useful to have a common, valid, and reliable instrument to assess health behaviors of families that allows comparisons of data from different countries. The objective is the adaptation of a Spanish version of the Family Health Behavior Scale (FHBS). The questionnaire originally developed by Moreno group was translated and adapted following the International Test Commission protocol. Its psychometric properties were evaluated through analysis of internal consistency, factor analysis and other evidences of validity. The Spanish version of the FHBS demonstrated adequate reliability coefficients, and its factor structure sufficiently replicated that obtained by the original measurement. The results suggested that the adapted version of the questionnaire was an adequate and valid measure for the evaluation of family health behaviors related to the prevention of overweight and obesity.

Generalized eta squared for multiple comparisons on between-groups designs.

BACKGROUND: Psychological and educational researchers are experiencing many practical difficulties in following the guidelines of the American Psychological Association (APA) for their statistical analyses: one such difficulty is the reporting of an effect-size measure along with each test of statistical significance (APA, 2010). The problem is exacerbated when researchers focus on contrast analysis instead of omnibus tests and when the Type-I error rate per comparison has to be adjusted. METHOD: Several reasons for this problem are discussed, with emphasis on the facts that researchers may be presented with too many optional effect-size measures with varying degrees of adequacy in several designs, and common statistical packages fail to provide appropriate effect-size measures for contrast analysis. RESULTS: This study proposes specific procedures (also implemented in spreadsheets) to compute generalized eta squared for various kinds of hypotheses, either general or specific, for one-factor and factorial between-group designs, and with manipulated and/or measured factors. CONCLUSIONS: Finally, conclusions are drawn concerning the need to take into account the kind of design and the kind of hypothesis in order to calculate comparable effect-size indexes across different types of studies and to prevent an overestimation of effect size.